Diary of a Jewish ghetto refugee, written in a pigsty
ืืึธืืืื ืคึฟืื ืึท ืืึดืืืฉื ืืขืืึธึพืคึผืืื, ืืขืฉืจืืื ืืื ืึท ืืืืจึพืฉืืึทืDiary of a Jewish ghetto refugee, written in a pigsty
ืื ืืขืืื ืคึฟืื ืืขืจื ืึผืื ืก โืึท ืืึดื ืืื ืฐืึทืืโ ืืฒึทื ืขื ืืืืฐืืฉืข ืคึผืฑืขืจืื, ืฐืึธืก ืืึธืื ืืฒึทื ืืขืฉืืขืื ืืึธืก ืืขืื ืคึฟืึทืจ ืืึดืื.
ืืื ืืขืจ ืฐืขืื ืคึฟืื ืืึดืืืฉ ืืื ืืขืจื ืึผืื ืก ื ืึธืืขื ืืื ืืึทืงืึทื ื ืฆืืืื ืืฒึทื ืข ืืืกืืึธืจืืฉืข ืืื ืืืืืืึธืืจืึทืคึฟืืฉืข ืฉืืืืืขืก, ืฆืฐืืฉื ืืฒ โ ืืขืจ ืฆืืืึธืึพืืึทื ื ืฆื ืืขื โืืขืงืกืืงืึธื ืคึฟืื ืืขืจ ื ืฒึทืขืจ ืืึดืืืฉืขืจ ืืืืขืจืึทืืืจโ ืืื โืืึดืืืฉืข ืฉืืขื, ืฉืืขืืืขื ืืื ืืึธืจืคึฟืืฉืข ืืึดืฉืืืื ืืื ืืืืข ืืื 1918โ.
ืึธืืขืจ ืืฒึทื ืขืจืฉื ืืื ืืื ืืขืฐืขื ืืขืจ ืืืจืืึพืืึธืืืื โืึท ืืึดื ืืื ืฐืึทืืโ, ืฐืึธืก ืืื ืึทืจืฑืก ืืื ื ืืึพืืึธืจืง ืืื 1955. ืืืฆื, ืืขืืขืจ ืฐื 70 ืืึธืจ ื ืึธื ืืขืจ ืคึผืืืืืงืึทืฆืืข ืคึฟืื ืืขื ืืึดืืืฉื ืืึธืืืื ืืื ืขืก ืกืืฃึพืึผืึพืกืืฃ ืึทืจืฑืก ืืฑืฃ ืขื ืืืืฉ.
ืืึธ ืืขืจืฆืฒืื ืึผืื ืฐืขืื ืฆืขื ืืืฉืื ืืื ืืขืจ ืืขืจ ืืฒึทืืฉืืฉืขืจ ืึธืงืืคึผืึทืฆืืข ืคึฟืื ืืืืข ืฆืฐืืฉื ืึธืงืืึธืืขืจ 1943 ืืื ืืฑืืืกื 1944. ืื ืืึธืืืงืข ืฆืฒึทื ืืึธื ืขืจ, ืืื ืืฒื ืขื ืืื ืืืื ืึทื ืืขืจืข ืคึผืืืืื ืคึฟืื ืขื ืงืึธืฐื ืขืจ ืืขืืึธ, ืคึฟืึทืจืืจืึทืื ืืื ืึท ืืึทืืขืืืขื ืืฉ ืืืฃ ืืื ืืืืฐืืฉืข ืฐืขืืืขืจ.
ืืืฆื, ืืขืืขืจ ืฐื 70 ืืึธืจ ื ืึธื ืืขืจ ืคึผืืืืืงืึทืฆืืข ืคึฟืื ืืขื ืืึดืืืฉื ืืึธืืืื, ืืื ืขืก ืกืืฃึพืึผืึพืกืืฃ ืึทืจืฑืก ืืฑืฃ ืขื ืืืืฉ ืืืื ืืืื, โืึท ืืึดื ืืื ืืืึทืื: ืืฒึทืืืขื ืคึฟืื ืึท ืืึธืืืืโ.
ืคึฟืึทืจ ืืขืจ ืืืืื ืืื ืึผืื ืืขืฐืขื ืึทื ืึทืงืืืฐืขืจ ืืื ืงืขืจ ืฆืืื ืืกื ืืื ืืึธื ืืขืฉืจืืื ืคึฟืึทืจ ืงืึธืฐื ืขืจ ืืึดืืืฉืข ืฆืฒึทืืื ืืขื. ืฐืขื ืื ืืฒึทืืฉื ืืึธืื ืคึฟืึทืจืืึทืคึผื ืื ืฉืืึธื, ืืึธื ืขืจ ืืื ืืขืคึฟืื ืขื ืืื ืขื ืืขืืึธ ืืื ืืขืจ ืืึดืืืฉืขืจ ืคึฟืึธืจืฉืืึธื ืกืืึทืืึธืืงืข.
โืืื ืืขืจ ืฆืฐืฒืืขืจ ืืขืืคึฟื ืคึฟืื 1943 ืืฒึทื ืขื ืื ืืืืืืืขืก ืคึฟืื ืื ืคึฟืึทืจืฉืคึผืึธืจืืข ืืึดืื ืืื ืกืืึทืืึธืืงืขืจ ืืขืืึธ ืึทืจืืืขืจืฆืืืขืื ืืืืืขืจื ืืขืฐืึธืจื ืึทืืฅ ืฉืฐืึทืืขืจ.โ ืึทืืฑ ืืฒืื ืึผืื ืึธื ืื ืืขืจืฆืฒืืื ื ืฐืขืื ืืฒึทื ืจืึทืืขืฐืขื ืืื ืคึฟืื ืขื ืืืจืื.
ืึผืื, ืืฒึทื ืคึฟืจืฑ ืจืึทืืข ืืื ืืืจ ืฉืฐืขืกืืขืจ ื ืืื ืืฒึทื ืขื ืึทื ืืืึธืคึฟื ืคึฟืื ืขื ืืขืืึธ ืืื ืืขืจ ืืืืฃ ืคึฟืื ืึท ืืืืฐืืฉื ืคึผืฑืขืจ ืืึทืืขืืฉ. ืขืจ ืืึธื ืืฒ ืคึฟืึทืจืืึทืืึทืืื ืืื ืขื ืืืืจึพืฉืืึทื ืืฒึท ืืฒึทื ืฉืืื ืืื ืึท ืฐืฒึทืื ืืขืจืคึฟื ืืื ืืืื ืฐืึทืื.
ืืื ืืฒึทื ืข ื ืึธืืืฆื ืืึธื ืึผืื ืคึฟืึทืจืคึฟืืงืกืืจื ืคึผืจืืื ืคึฟืื ืืฒืขืจ ืืึธืึพืืขืืืขืื ืืขืื ืืื ืึทืืข ืืืืืช, ืึทื ืืกืื ืืื ืืึธืคึฟืขื ืื ืืขื. ืขืจ ืืึธื ืืฑื ืืขืคึผืจืึผืฐื ืฆื ืืึทืืื ืืงื ืืึธืก, ืฐืึธืก ืขืก ืงืืื ืคึฟืึธืจ ืืื ืืฒ ืืื ืืื ืึทื ืืขืจืข ืืึดืื, ืืึธืืฉ ืงืฒื ืคึฟืึทืจืืึธืืืขืืข ืืืืขืืช ืคึฟืื ืืขืจ ืืจืฒืืขืจืขืจ ืฐืขืื ืืึธื ืขืจ ื ืื ืืขืงืขื ื ืงืจืืื.
ืคึฟืึทืจืฐืึธืก ืืึธื ืึทื ืขืืืขืจืขืจ ืืืืฐืื ืขืจ ืืึทืฉืืึธืกื ืฆื ืจืึทืืขืฐืขื ืืึดืื? ืืึทืืขืืฉ ืืึธื ืืขืจืงืืขืจื: โืืื ืื ืขืก ื ืื ืืขืจืคึฟืึทืจ, ืฐืึธืก ืืื ืฐืื ืคึฟืึทืจืืื ืขื ืืขืื. ืืื ืืื ืฉืฑื ืึทืื โ ืืื ืืึธืก ืืขืื ืืื ืืขืจ ืขืจื ืฐืขื ืืื ืกืฒึท ืฐื ื ืื ืืืื ืขืืขื. ืืื ืฐืื ืึธืืขืจ, ืึทื ืกืณืืึธื ื ืื ืคึฟืึทืจืืึธืกื ืฐืขืจื ื ืึธื ืืืืฉืืืืืง ืืืื. ืฐืึธืื ืืื ืืขืงืขื ื ืฐืึธืื ืืื ืืขืจืึทืืขืฐืขื ื ืึธื ืืึดืื, ืงืขื ืืื ืขืก ื ืื, ืฐืขื ืืื ืืึทืฉืืฆื ืื, ืฐืขืืขื ืืื ืืึธื ืืึธ ืืขืจืึทืืขืฐืขื.โ
ืืื ืขื ืืึธืืืื ืืืฒึทืื ืึผืื ืึทืจืืืก ืึท ืกื ืืจืึพืืจืฅ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืืึทืืขืืฉ ืืื ืืฒึทื ืคึฟืจืฑ ืืึทืจืืึทืจืึท, ืฐืึธืก ืฉืืขืื ืืฒึทื ืืฒืขืจ ืืขืื ืคึฟืึทืจ ืคึฟืจืขืืืข ืืขื ืืฉื. ืขืจ ืคึฟืจืขืื ืืื: โืฐืืคึฟื ืืึดืื ืฐืึธืืื ืืขืืืขื ืคึฟืขืึดืง ืึทืืฑื ืก ืฆื ืืึธื?โ
ืืขืืข ืืื ืื ืงืขื ืฐืขืจื ืื ืืขืฆืืข ืคึฟืึทืจ ืื ืืึดืืืฉืข ืคึผืืืืื ืืื ืขื ืฉืืึทื. ืึธืืขืจ ืึผืื ืืื ืืขืฐืฑืจ ืืฑื ืคึฟืื ืขื ืฉืฐืขืจื ืืฆืึฟ ืคึฟืื ืื ืืืืฐืื ืขืจ: โืคึฟืื ืืฒึทืืฉื ืฐืืื ืืฒ ืคึผืืืจ ืฐืขืจื, ืึธืืขืจ ืืขื ืจืืก ืฐืืื ืืฒ ืืฑื ื ืื ืืึธืื.โ
ืื ืืจืขืกืืข ืกืึผื ื ืคึฟืึทืจ ืืึดืืืฉืข ืคึผืืืืื ืงืืื ืืึทืงืข ื ืื ืคึฟืื ืื ืืฒึทืืฉื, ืฐืึธืก ืืึทืฐืฒึทืื ืืื ืืขืืื ืืื ืืขื ืข ืืืฃึพืืึทืืจืึธืืขื ืข ืืงืืืืช, ื ืึธืจ ืคึฟืื ืื ืฉืื ืืฉืข ืคึผืฑืขืจืื ืืื ืคึฟืื ืื ืืืืฐืืฉืข ืคึผืึทืจืืืืึทื ืขืจ, ืฐืึธืก ืืจืืขื ืขื ืืึดืื.
ืึธืืขืจ ืื ืืืืืกืืข ืคึผืึทืจืฉืฑื ืขื ืืื ืขื ืืื ืืฒึทื ืขื ื ืื ืงืฒื ืืฒึทืืฉื ืืื ื ืื ืงืฒื ืืืืฐืื ืขืจ, ื ืึธืจ ืฆืฐืฒ ืืืืืืืืขืจ ืคึฟืื ืืฒืขืจ ืืจืืคึผืข โ ืืขืจ โืึทืืึธืืืงืขืจ ืคึผืจืืฅโ ืืื ืืฒึทื ืคึฟืจืฑ. ืคึฟืึทืจ ืืขืจ ืืืืื ืืึธื ืืขืจ ืืึธืืืงืขืจ ืืึดื ืืขืคึฟืืจื ืืขืฉืขืคึฟืื ืืื ืืขืจ ืืขืื ื ืืื ืืืฆื ืืึทืื ืขืจ, ืึทื ืื ืึธืจืืืงืข ืคึผืฑืขืจืื ืืฒึทื ืขื ืืื ืืืืืึฟ ืฆื ืืขืืคึฟื.
ืืฒึทื ืึทื ืึพืืืืื ืืื ืืขืฐืขื โืึผืึพืืื ืืข ืืขืื, ืืึทืจืฃ ืืขื ืืึทืื ืืขืฉืขืคึฟืื.โ ืืื ืขืจ ืืึธื ืืึทืงืข ืืขืฐืึธืื ืืึทืงืืืขื ืจืฐื ืึทืคึฟืืื ืคึฟืื ืื ืคึผืืืืื ืืื ืขื ืืฒืืขื ืขื ืฉืืึทื.
ืึธืืขืจ ืฐืึธืจืขื ืืฒ ืืึธืื ื ืื ืืขืืึทื ืืื ืฐืึธืก ืฆื ืืึทืฆืึธืื, ืืึธื ืืื ืืขืจ ืคึผืจืืฅ ื ืื ืืขืืฒืื ืืื ืืฒ ืืืื ืขืกื, ืฐืึธืก ืขืจ ืืึธื ืืขืงืฑืคึฟื ืืฒึท ืื ืคึผืฑืขืจืื: โืื ืึทืืึธืืืงืข ืืึดืืืฉืข ืคึผืจืืฆืื ืขืกื ืคึฟืึทืจ ืืื ืืขืจืข ืืฑืื ืคึฟืืฒืฉ ืืื ืึทืืืึธืก ืืืืก โ ืืื ืืืจ ืืืฆื ืืื ืืืืืขื ืฐืขืื ืึท ืฉืืืงื ืืจืืงื ืืจืฑืโ, ืคึฟืึทืจืฉืจืฒึทืื ืึผืื ืืื ืขื ืืึธืืืื.
ืึทืคึฟืืื ืืื ืืขื ืข ืืืืขืจืข ืืึทืืื ืืื ืืขื ืืึธื ืึผืื ืึธืคึผืืขืืื ืึทื ืืฒืื ืึทืจืืืงื ืืืฉ ืคึฟืื ืืืืึธืจ. ืืึธืก ืงืืื ืคึฟืึธืจ ืืืฉื ืืื ืืฒึทื ืข ืฉืืืืขืจืื ืืขื ืคึฟืื ืื ืืึทืฆืึดืื ืืขื ืฆืฐืืฉื ืืึดืื ืืื ืืขื ืืืืจ: โืืื ืืืขืจ ืืฒื ืฆืืงืขืจ ืณื ืืึพืืึดืืืฉืขืจืณ ืฉืื ืืื ืฉืฒึทืขืจ ืืื โ ืืขืจ ืืืืจืืืง. ืึทืืฑ ืฐื ืืข ืงืขื ืืึธื ื ืื ืคึฟืืจ ืืื ืฆืฐืึทื ืฆืืง ืฉืขื ืืื ืืขืชึพืืขืช ืืจืึทืืื ืฐืขืื ืืฑื โ ืงืืงื ืืขื ืืึธืจ ืึธืคึฟื ืืฑืคึฟื ืงืืฒื ืขื ืืืืจ. ืื ืขืงืืืืงืกืืข ืืึทืฉืขืคึฟืขื ืืฉ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ืืึดื [โฆ] ืฐืึทืงืกื ืืจืืึพืืฉื ืคึฟืื ืืึธื [ืฆื ืืึธื].โ
ืืึทืงืก ืจืึธืืขื ืคึฟืขืืืก ืขื ืืืืฉืข ืืืืขืจืืขืฆืื ื ืคึฟืื ืขื ืืึธืืืื ืืื ืืึทื ืฅ ืคึผืื ืงืืืขื ืืื ืคึฟืืืกืืง, ืึธืืขืจ ืื ืืื ื ืื ืืืืขืจ ืืขื ืืฒืื ืึทืจืืืงื ืืขื ืคึฟืื ืึผืื ืก ืคึผืจืึธืืข.
ืึธื ืืื ืึท ืืฉื: ืืฒื ืืึธื ืึทื ืืืฑืคึฟื ืืขืจ ืืืืจ ืคึฟืื ืขื ืฉืืึทื ืืื ืืึดืื ืืืื ืืื ืืึธืื ื ืึธื ืืื ืึผืื ืฆื ืืจืขื ืืขื ืืื ืฆืืจืืง. ืึผืื ืืึทืฉืจืฒึทืื ืืึธืก ืืื ืืืฉืื: โืืืจ ืคึฟืืจื ืืขื ืืึฟืจึพืืืจ ืฆื ืืฒึทื ืืงืืึพืืงืืโ. ืึธืืขืจ ืืฑืฃ ืขื ืืืืฉ ืงืืื ืื ืืึธืก ืคึผืฉืื: โwe are taking him back to the barnโ. ืืึธ ืืื ื ืืืึธ ืงืฒื ืฉืคึผืืจ ืคึฟืื ืึผืื ืก ืืืจืึธื ืืข, ืฐืึธืก ืฉืืึทืื ืคึฟืื ืืฒึทื ืฉืคึผืื ืืื ืืฉืืึพืงืืืฉ.
ืืขืจ ืืืจืืึพืืืกืืึธืจืืงืขืจ ืืฆืืง ืืจื ืืึธื ืึธืคึผืืขืฉืึทืฆื, ืึทื ืืขืจื 25,000 ืืึดืื ืืฒึทื ืขื ืึทื ืืืึธืคึฟื ืคึฟืื ืื ืืขืืึธืก ืืื ืฐืขืืืขืจ ืืขืชื ืืืจืื. ืึทืจืื 15,000 ืคึฟืื ืืฒ ืืึธืื ืืื ืฆืืืขืฉืืึทื ืขื ืฆื ืื ืกืึธืฐืขืืืฉืข ืคึผืึทืจืืืืึทื ืขืจ, ืืขืช 10,000 ืืึธืื ืืขืคึผืจืึผืฐื ืืืืขืจืืขืื ืืื ืงืืฒื ืข ืืจืืคึผืงืขืก, ืึธืคึฟื ืืึธื ืืื ืืขืจ ืืืืฃ ืคึฟืื ื ืืึพืืึดืืืฉืข ืคึผืฑืขืจืื.
ืื ืืขื ืฑืข ืฆืึธื ืคึฟืื ืื, ืฐืึธืก ืืึธืื ืืื ืืขืจืึทืืขืฐืขื ืืื ืืขืจ ืึทืืขืืืข ืืืืขืจืข ืืื ืืขืคึฟืขืจืืจืืข ืืึทืืื ืืื ืืขื, ืฐืขื ืืขื ืงืฒื ืืึธื ื ืื ืฐืืกื, ืืึธืื ืืจื. ืฐืึธืก ืืื ืืึธ ืืืืขืจ, ืืื ืึทื ืืฒืขืจ ืฆืึธื ืืื ืืขืฐืขื ืึท ืกื ืงืืขื ืขืจ ืืฒืืขืจ ืื ืฆืึธื ืคึฟืื ืื, ืฐืขืืขื ืขืก ืืึธื ืืื ืืฒึทืืขืืขืื ืฆื ืึทื ืืืฑืคึฟื ืคึฟืื ืื ืืขืืึธืก.
ืึผืื ืก ืืึธืืืื ืืื ื ืื ื ืึธืจ ืึท ืืื ืืึธืจ ืฐืืืืืงืขืจ ืืืกืืึธืจืืฉืขืจ ืืงืืจ ืฐืขืื ืืขืจ ืืึธืืืงืขืจ ืืขืจืคึฟืึทืจืื ื, ืึธืืขืจ ืืฑื ืึท ืืขืจืงืฐืืจืืืงืขืจ ืืขื ืืฉืืขืืขืจ ืืึธืงืืืขื ื ืืื ืึท ืคึฟืึทืจืืึทืคึผื ืืืงืข ืืขืงืืืจ ืืขืจืฆื.
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