VIDEO: Literature scholar Nathan Cohen speaks about โshundโ literature
ืืืืืขืึธ: ืืืืขืจืึทืืืจ-ืคึฟืึธืจืฉืขืจ ื ืชื ืึผืื ืจืขืื ืืืขืื ืืขืจ ืฉืื ืึพืืืืขืจืึทืืืจVIDEO: Literature scholar Nathan Cohen speaks about โshundโ literature
ืึธื ืืืื 20ืกืื ืืึธืจืืื ืืขืจื ืืื ืืื ืืขืจ ืืืึทืจืฉืขืืืขืจ ืืึดืืืฉืขืจ ืคึผืจืขืกืข ืืขืืืขื ืึท ืืจืืืกืข ืงืึธื ืงืืจืขื ืฅ ืฆื ืืจืืงื ืคึผืึธืคึผืืืขืจืข ืจืึธืืึทื ืขื ืืื ืืืฉืืื.
ื ืชื ืึผืื, ืืขืจ ืึธื ืืขืืขืขื ืขืจ ืคึฟืึธืจืฉืขืจ ืคึฟืื ืืขืจ ืืึดืืืฉืขืจ ืืืืขืจืึทืืืจ ืืฒึทื ืืจึพืืืื ืืื ืืืืขืจืกืืืขื, ืืึธื ืืขืฆืื ืก ืืขืืึทืืื ืึท ืจืขืคึฟืขืจืึทื ืืืืฃ ืืึดืืืฉ ืืื ืืื ืื, ืืฒึทืืฉืืึทื ื, ืืืขืื ืืขืจ ืืึดืืืฉืขืจ ืืึทืกืึพืืืืขืจืึทืืืจ (ืืขืจ ืขืืงืจ, ืฉืื ืึพืืืืขืจืึทืืืจ) ืฆืืืืฉื 1860 ืืื 1914.
ืืขืจ ื ืึธืืขื ืคึฟืื ืขื ืจืขืคึฟืขืจืึทื, โืืืืขืจ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึทืืขโ, ืืื ืืขืืืขื ืึท ืจืื ืืืืคึฟื ืคึฟืึทืจืืึทื ืคึฟืื ืขื ืืขืืื ื ืึธืืขื, ืืืึธืก ืืฒึทื ืฉืืืืืช ืืื ืืขืืืขื ืฆื ืืึทืื ืื ืืืขืืืืขืืข ืืึดืืืฉืข ืืืืขืจืึทืืืจ ืืขืจ ืฆืืืจืืืืขื ืืื ืืืึธืืืืขืืขืจ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืื ืึธืจืขืืข ืืึดืืืฉืข ืืึทืกื.
ืื ืืขืงืฆืืข, ืืืึธืก ืึผืื ืืึธื ืืขืืึทืืื ืืขื 17ืื ืืื ื ืืื ืขื ืืืืืืืึพืืึทืงืกืืืืืืึทื ืกึพืืื ืืืืขืจืกืืืขื, ืืื ืืขืืืขื ืืืื ืคึฟืื ืึท ืืขืจืืขืืขืจ ืืจืึทืืืฆืืข ืืื ืืื ืื, ืืฒึทื ืืขืคึฟืืจื ืืื 2011 โ ืืขื ืฉืืืึพืขืืืืึพืจืขืคึฟืขืจืึทื ืืื ืึธื ืืขื ืง ืคึฟืื ืขืืืืืึท ืืืืขืฆืงื, ืืดื. ืึทืจืื ืืืืขืฆืืง ืืขื ืืฉื ืืขื ืขื ืืขืงืืืขื ืืขืจื ืืขื ืจืขืคึฟืขืจืึทื, ืืื ื ืึธื ืึท ืคึฟืืคึฟืฆืืง ืืึธืื ืืื ืฆืืืขืืขืจื ืืืจื ืืขืจ ืืื ืืขืจื ืขืฅ. ืื ืืื ืืขืจื ืขืืื ื ืืื ืืขืฉืืืฆื ืืขืืืึธืจื ืืืจืื ืงืืืืืจึพืฆืขื ืืขืจ ืคึฟืื ืืขืจ ืืื ืื ืขืจ ืงืืืื ืืื ืืืจื ืืขืจ ืงืืฉื ืขืจึพืคึฟืื ืืึทืฆืืข.
ืืื ืึท ืืึธื ืคึฟืจืึดืขืจ ืืึธื ืึผืื ืืขืืขืื ืึทื ืึทืจืฒึทื ืคึฟืืจ ืฆื ืืขืจ ืืขืืข ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ืืจืืคึผืข ืึธืจืืืงืข ืืึดืืืฉึพืกืืืืขื ืื. ืืื ืืข ืืึธื ืืขืืขืจื ืคึฟืื ืื ืึธืคึผืจืืคึฟื ื ืึธืื ืงืืึทืก, ืืึธื ื ืืฉื ื ืึธืจ ืืขืจ ืชึผืืื, ื ืึธืจ ืืืื ืึผืื ืก ืืืคึฟื ืจืขืื ืืืคึฟื ืคึฟืึทืจืืึทืคึผื ืื ืชึผืืืืืื. ืืฒึท ืขืืืขืืข ืกืืืืขื ืื ืืื ืืึธืก ืืขืืืขื ืฆืื ืขืจืฉืื ืืึธื ืืืึธืก ืืื ืืขืจื ืึท ืืึทื ืฆืขื ืข ืืขืงืฆืืข ืืืืฃ ืืึดืืืฉ, ืืื ืืขืจืฆื ื ืึธื โ ืคึฟืื ืึทื ืืืืืึทืงืึทื ืื ืืขืจืขืจ.
ืืื ืขื ืจืขืคึฟืขืจืึทื ืืืคึฟื ืืขื ืฆืืืืืื ืืึธื ืืึธื ืึผืื ืึธื ืืขืืืืื ืืื ืึท ืืืกืืึธืจืืฉื ืึทืจืฒึทื ืคึฟืืจ, ืืขืจืงืืขืจื ืืืง ืืื ืึทืืื ืืื ืืืขื ืขืก ืืึธื ืืื ืึธื ืืขืืืืื ืคึฟืึทืจืฉืคึผืจืืืื ืื ืืึดืืืฉึพืืืขืืืืขืืข ืืืืขืจืึทืืืจ ืืื ืืืึธืกืขืจ ืจืึธืืข ืืึธื ืืื ืืขื ืืขืฉืคึผืืื ืื ืืึดืืืฉืข ืคึผืจืขืกืข, ืึธื ืืืืื ืืืง ืืืื ืึทืืึธืืืงื ืืึดืืืฉื ืืืึธืื ืืืึทื โืงืื ืืึฟืฉืืจโ.
ืืื ืฆืืืึทื ืฆืืงืกืื ืืึธืจืืื ืืขืจื ืืึธืื ืืื ืื ืืึดืืืฉืข ืฆืฒึทืืื ืืขื ืืขื ืืืขื ืคึฟืึทืจืฉืคึผืจืืืื ืึทืืฅ ืืขืจ ืืื ืืขืจ. ืืื ืืืึทืจืฉืข ืืื 1906 ืืึธื ืืขื ืึทืจืืืกืืขืืขืื ืึท ืกื ืืขืจ ืืึดืืืฉึพืฉืคึผืจืึทืืืงืข ืฆืฒึทืืฉืจืืคึฟืื ืืื ืืขืืจืขืึดืฉืข ืึธืืขืจ ืคึผืืืืืฉึพืืึดืืืฉืข. ืืึธืื ืื ืืึดืืืฉืข ืฆืฒึทืืื ืืขื ืืขืืืื ืืืืกืืึทืืื ืึท ืฉืืึทืจืงืข ืงืึธื ืงืืจืขื ืฅ, ืืื ืืืื ืืืื ืืื ืงืึทืืฃ ืืื ืืขืืืขื ืฆื ืืจืืงื ืื ืจืึธืืึทื ืขื ืืื ืืืฉืืื (ืึธืืขืจ, ืืื ืืข ืคึฟืืขืื ืขืก ืจืืคึฟื ืืืืคึฟื ืืฒึทืืฉืืขืจืืฉื ืฉืืืืืขืจ โ โืืื ืคึฟืึธืจืืขืฆืื ืืขืโ). ืึท ืืืืืขืจ ืืฒึทืฉืคึผืื ืคึฟืื ืึทืืึท โืจืึธืืึทื ืขืโึพืงืึธื ืงืืจืขื ืฅ ืืขืคึฟืื ื ืืขื ืืื ืื ืฆืืืื ืืืึทืจืฉืขืืืขืจ ืืึธืืฆืฒึทืืื ืืขื, โืืฒึทื ืโ ืืื โืืึธืืขื ืโ.
ืื ืืขืงืฆืืข ืืึธื ืึผืื ืืืืืกืืจืืจื ืืื ืึธื ืึท ืฉืืขืืจ ืืืืืขืจ, ื ืื ื ืึธืจ ืคึฟืื ืื ืฆืฒึทืืื ืืขื, ื ืึธืจ ืืขืจ ืขืืงืจ ืืืื ืคึฟืื ืื ืฉืืื ืข ืฉืขืจึพืืืขืืืขื ืคึฟืื ืื ืึทืจืืืืขืจืขืืืข ืจืึธืืึทื ืขื; ืฆืืืืฉื ืืื โ ื ืื ืืืืื ืืง ืืืขืจืง ืคึฟืื ืื ืืึดืืืฉืข โืฉืื ืโึพืืืืจืื ืืฒึทืืืงึพืืืืจ ืืืง ืืื ืฉืืจ. ืึธื ื ืขืื ืืืฉื ืึทืืึท ืืืื: โืื ืืืื ืืข ืืชืืื, ืึธืืขืจ ืฆืืืืฉื ืืืืขืจืโ ืคึฟืื ืฉืืจื, ืืขืืจืืงื ืืื 1892.
ืืจืืืก ืื ืื ืืึธื ืืขืจ ืขืืื ืืขืืึทื ืงืืงื ืืืง ืืืืฃ ืืึดืืืฉืข ืืึทืึทืจืืขืืื ืืขื ืคึฟืื ืึทืืขืืืข ืืึทืงืึทื ืืข ืืืขืจืง ืืื โืฉืขืจืืึธืง ืืึธืืืกโ, โืจืึธืืื ืืึธื ืงืจืืืึธโ ืืื โืืึทืงืก ืืื ืืึธืจืืฅโ โ ืึทื ืืืืืกืืจืืจืืข ืืฒึทืืฉึพืฉืคึผืจืึทืืืงืข ืืขืจืฆืืืืื ื ืคึฟืื 1865. ืึผืื ืืึธื ืืื ืืึทืืื ืืขืจ ืึธืคึผืืขืฉืืขืื ืืืืฃ ืื ืืขืืึธืืืืงืข ื ืึธืจืืขืก ืคึฟืื ืืืืขืจืืขืฆื, ืืืืฃ ืืขืจ ื ืืื ืฆื ืคึฟืึทืจืืึดืืืฉื ืคึฟืจืขืืืฉืคึผืจืึทืืืงืข ืืืขืจืง: ืึธื ืืืืกื ืืืฉื ืจืึธืืื ืืึทื ืงืจืืืึธืก ืืขืคึฟืื ืขื ืขืจ ืืึฟืจ ื ืื โืคึฟืจืฒึทืืืงโ ืืื ืืื ืึทื ืืขืจืข ืืฉืื ืืช, ื ืึธืจ ืืืืงื โืฉืืชโ.
ืืื ืคึฟืืืฆืึธืืืงืข ืงืึธืืืฉืข ืืฒึทืฉืคึผืืื ืืึธื ืึผืื ืืขืคึฟืืจื ืืขื ืขืืื ืืืจื ืืขืจ ืืขืฉืืืืข ืคึฟืื ืืึดืืืฉืขืจ ืืืืขืจืึทืืืจ, ืืื ืืืื ืึธื ืืขืืืืื ืืื ืึทืืื ืื ืืึธื ืึทืืข ืืึธื ืืขืืืื ืึท ืืืืึพืืื ืืข ืฆืืืืฉื ืื ืึทืืืืฆืืขืก ืืื ืคึฟืึธืืขืจืื ืืขื ืคึฟืื ืืขืจ ืืืืืขืจ ืืืืขืจืึทืืืจ ืืืื ืืขืืืึทืืืืงื ื ืึธืืคึฟืจืขื ืืฒึท ืื ืืึทืกื ื ืึธื ืึท ืืขืจ โืฆืืืจืืืืขืืขืจโ ืืืืขืจืึทืืืจ.
ืึผืื ืืึธื ืึทืืื ืฉืืื ืืื ืืจืึทืืึทืืืฉ ืืึทืฉืจืืื ืื ืฉืื ืืจืึธืืึทื ืขื ืืื ืืืืขืจืข ืกืขื ืกืึทืฆืืึธื ืขืืข ืงืขืคึผืืขื, ืึทื ืืขืจ ืขืืื ืืื ืฉืืื, ืืึทืื ืืื, ืืจืืื ืืขืืืขื ืฆื ืงืืืคึฟื ืืื ืฆื ืืืืขื ืขื ืื ืืืืขืจ. ืึท ืฉืึธื ืืืึธืก ืงืืื ืืืืจึพืกืคึฟืจืื ืืื ืืึธืจืื ื ืื ืืขืืืขื!
ืืขืจืฆื ืืึธืื ืึท ืกื ืฆืืืขืจืขืจืก ืืื ืืขืคึฟืจืืื ืึทื ืืื ืงืขื ืขื ืืขืจื ืึท ืืึทื ืืข ืืขืงืฆืืข ืืืืฃ ืืึดืืืฉ. ืขืืืขืืข ืืึธืื ืืื ืึทืคึฟืืื ื ืึธืืืขืคึฟืจืขืื ืืืขืื ืืึดืืืฉึพืงืืจืกื โ ืืืึธืก ืืึธืก ืืื ืืคึฟืฉืจ ืื ืฉืขื ืกืืข ืคึผืขืืื ืคึฟืื ืึผืื ืก ืจืขืคึฟืขืจืึทื.
ืืึธืืฉ ืืข ืืึธื ืืื ืึธื ืืืื 20ืกืื ืืึธืจืืื ืืขืจื ืึธืคึฟื ืืขืืึทืืื ืืึดืืืฉ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท โืืฉืึทืจืืึธืโ ืงืขื ืืขื ืืึธืื ืึทื ืืืืืืืฒึทื โืืฉืึทืจืืึธื ืืืืจืโ ืืขื ืืึดืืืฉ ืืื ืืฒึทื ื ืฆื ืืึธื, ืืืฒึทื ืกโืจืืึฟ ืคึฟืื ืขื ืขืืื ืึทืกืึธืฆืึดืึดืจื ืืึดืืืฉ ืจืืฉืืชึพืึผื ืืื ืืืืืง (ืืื ืืขืืืืื ืืืขื ืืืืื ืืื ืืืื ืืขืืืืกื ืืืคึผ ืืืืืง โ ืงืืขืืืขืจ) ืึธืืขืจ ืืืืฆื. ืืื ืืฒึทื ืจืขืคึฟืขืจืึทื ืืึธื ืึผืื ืืขืจืืืืื ืืขื ืืืคึผืื โ ืึทื ืืึดืืืฉ ืืืื ืืึธ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึทื ืึทืงืึทืืขืืืฉืขืจ ืืื ืข, ืืื ืึทื ืึทืคึฟืืื ืืืขืื ืึทืืึท โื ืืืขืจืืงืขืจโ ืืขืืข ืืื ืฉืื ื, ืงืขื ืึท ืคึผืจืึธืคึฟืขืกืึธืจ ืืึทืืื ืึทื ืขืจืฉืืงืืึทืกืืงืข ืืขืงืฆืืข.
ืึผืื ืฆื ืืขืจื ืืขื ืืึทื ืฆื ืจืขืคึฟืขืจืึทื, ืืื ืึท ืงืืืขืืฉ ืืึธ.
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