Yiddish writer and Forverts columnist Miriam Hoffman has died
ืืึดืืืฉืข ืฉืจืฒึทืืขืจืื ืืื ืคึฟืึธืจืืืขืจืืกึพืงืึธืืืื ืืกื ืืจืื ืืึธืคึฟืืึทื ืืื ืึทืืืขืง Yiddish writer and Forverts columnist Miriam Hoffman has died
ืืื ืืืจ ืจืืืจืืง ืืึธื ืื ืึธืคึฟื ืงืึธืืขื ืืืจื ืืื ืึท ืืฒึทืกืืงื ืืืืึธืจ ืืืืฃ ืืขืจ ืืึดืืืฉืขืจ ืืขืืขืืฉืึทืคึฟื, ื ืืฆื ืืืง ืืืืกืืจืืงื ืคึฟืื ืืืจ ืืืืืืฉื ืคึผืืืืืฉึพืืึดืืืฉ.
ืื ืืึดืืืฉืข ืฉืจืฒึทืืขืจืื, ืืจืึทืืึทืืืจืืื, ืคึฟืึธืจืืืขืจืืกึพืงืึธืืืื ืืกืืงืข ืืื ืืึทืืืืืข ืืขืงืืึธืจืื ืืจืื ืฉืืืืขืืืืืฉึพืืึธืคึฟืืึทื ืืื ืืืืืืึธื ืึทืืืขืง ืืื ืืขืจ ืืืืืืงืืื ืืื ืงืึธืจืึทื ืกืคึผืจืื ืืก, ืคึฟืืึธืจืืืข. ืื ืืื ืืขืืืขื 90 ืืึธืจ ืึทืื.
ืึทืืข ืืืึธืก ืืึธืื ืืจืืืขื ืืขืงืขื ื ืืึธืื ืืขืืืึผืกื ืืืึธืก ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ืืขื ืืืข ืืขืจืฆืืืืขืจืื ืื ืืื ืืขืืืขื. ืกืฒึท ืืื ืขื ืืึธืงืืืขื ืืึทืจึพืคึฟืืื, ืืืึธืก ืืขืจ ืคึฟืึธืจืืืขืจืืก ืืึธื ืึทืจืืืกืืขืืึธืื ืืื 2017, ืกืฒึท ืืื ืขื ืืื ืืืจืื ืืช ืืืืฃ ืขื ืืืืฉ ืืืึธืก ืื ืืึธื ืคึผืืืืืงืืจื ืืื ืขื ืืขืืื ืืึธืจ, ืืขืจืฆืืืื ืื ืืืืฃ ืึท ืคึฟืึทืจืืึทืคึผื ืืืงื ืืืคึฟื ืืืขืื ืืืจ ืืจืึทืืึทืืืฉื ืืขืื ืคึฟืื ืกืืืืจ ืงืืื ื ืืึพืืึธืจืง.
ืืจืื ืืื ืืขืืืขื ืึท ืคึฟืจืื ืืื ืึท ืกื ืืึทืืึทื ืื. ืื ืืึธื ืืึธืจื ืืึทื ื ืืขืคึฟืืจื ืึท ืืขืืขืืืงื ืจืืืจืืง ืืื ืขื ืคึฟืึธืจืืืขืจืืก, ืืืึผ ืื ืืึธื ืงืึธืืขื ืืืจื ืืื ืึท ืืฒึทืกืืงื ืืืืึธืจ ืืืืฃ ืืขืจ ืืึดืืืฉืขืจ ืืขืืขืืฉืึทืคึฟื, ืืึทื ืืฆื ืืืง ืืื ืึธืคึฟื ืืื ืืืืกืืจืืงื ืคึฟืื ืืืจ ืืืืืืฉื ืคึผืืืืืฉึพืืึดืืืฉ. ืึท ืืืื ืคึฟืื ืืืจืข ืขืกืืืขื ืืึธืื ืึธืืขืจ ืืขืืึทื ืึท ืืขืจ ืขืจื ืกืื, ืืืืืืขืจื ืืึธื, ืืคึฟืจื ืืืขื ืื ืืึธื ืืืืขืจืืขืืขืื ืืืจืข ืืืจืื ืืช ืืื ืึท ืืื ืืข ืืืืืืจืึทื ืืงืข ืืื ืึทืืขืจืืงืข. ืืื ืืขื ืจืืจื ืืืงื ืึทืจืืืงื ืืืฉื ืืขืจืฆืืืื ืื ืืื ืื ืืึธื ืืืืืืืืฒึทื ืคึผืืืฆืืื ื ืึธืคึผืืขืฉื ืืื ืืืจืข ืืึธืงื ืึผืื ืืื ืฆื ืึทืืขืจืืงืึทื ืืืืจื โ ืืื ืืื ืึทืืื ืืืจ ืืึทืืข ืืึธื ืจืขืึทืืืจื ืืืืฃ ืืขืจ ืืึธืืืขืจืก โืจืขืืขืืืจืื ืโ.
ืคึฟืื 1999 ืืื 1988 ืืึธื ืื ืืขืคึฟืืจื ืึท ืคึผืึธืคึผืืืขืจืข ืืึดืืืฉืข ืจืึทืืืึธึพืคึผืจืึธืืจืึทื ืืืืฃ ืืขืจ ืคึฟืึธืจืืืขืจืืกึพืกืืึทื ืฆืืข WEVD.
ืืจืื ืืึธื ืืืื ืืขืฉืจืืื ืึท ืฆืึธื ืคึผืืขืกืขืก ืคึฟืึทืจื ืืึดืืืฉื ืืขืึทืืขืจ. ืืื ืืืื ืขื ืืื ืจืื ืข ืืึธืจืึธื ืืึธื ืื ืืขืฉืึทืคึฟื ืืขื ืืืืืืงื โืืืืขืจ ืคึฟืื ืืึพืขืืโ, ืืืึธืก ืืึธื ืืื 1989 ืืขืฉืคึผืืื ืืื ื ืืึพืืึธืจืง, ืกืฒึท ืืื ืขื ืึธื ืืขืืขืขื ืขื โืคึผืึธืืืืงึพืืขืึทืืขืจโ ืกืฒึท ืืื ืขื ืฉืขืงืกืคึผืืจึพืคึฟืขืกืืืฐืึทื. ืืืจืข ืคึผืืขืกืขืก ืืึธื ืืขื ืืืื ืืฑืคึฟืืขืคึฟืืจื ืืื ืืึธื ืืจืขืึธื, ืงืึทื ืึทืืข ืืื ืืืืขืจ ืืฒืจืึธืคึผืข.
ืืืฉื ืคึฟืื 23 ืืึธืจ ืืื ืื ืืขืืืขื ืึท ืืึทืืืืืข ืืึดืืืฉึพืืขืจืขืจืื ืืื ืงืึธืืืืืืขึพืืื ืืืืขืจืกืืืขื, ืืื ืขืืืขืืข ืืืืขืจื ืืืื ืืื ืึธืงืกืคึฟืึธืจืืขืจ ืืื ืืฐืขืจืกืืืขื ืืื ืืื ืฐืืื ืขืจ ืืื ืืฐืขืจืกืืืขื. ืืื 2011 ืืึธื ืื ืึทืจืืืกืืขืืขืื ืึท ืืึดืืืฉ ืืขืจื ืืื, โืึท ืฉืืืกื ืฆื ืืึดืืืฉโ, ืืืึธืก ืืึธื ืึทืจืฒึทื ืืขื ืืืขื ื ืืฉื ืืืืื ืฉืคึผืจืึทืึพืืขืงืฆืืขืก, ื ืึธืจ ืืืื ืืขืฉืืืืข, ืื ืืืื, ืืืืขืจ ืืื ืืืึพืืืึฟึพืืึทืืขืจืืึทืื.
ืืืืฃ ืืืจ ืคึผืขืจืืขื ืืขื ืืึธื ืืขืจ ืคึฟืื ืึทืืฅ ืืืืคึผืึธื ืืจื ืืจืืืก ืงืขืืคึฟืขืจืืฉืข ืืืืขืจืืขืืขืื ืงืืื ืืืืคึฟืฆืืืึทืืื ืืึดืืืฉ ืืื ืึท ืืขืืขืืืงืข ืฉืคึผืจืึทื ืืฒึทื ืืึดื ืืขืจื ืืืจ. ืืื ืื 1960ืขืจ ืืึธืจื ืืึธื ืื, ืืื ืืืื ืขื ืืื ืืจืฒึท ืึทื ืืขืจืข ืคึฟืจืืืขื โ ืืขืืข ืฉืืืืืึพืคึฟืืฉืืึทื, ืืืึผื ืืึธืืืื ืืื ืฆืืจื ืืืึทืืขืฆืงื, ืึทืจืืืกืืขืืขืื ืึท ืกืขืจืืข ืงืื ืืขืจืืืืืขื ืืืืฃ ืืึดืืืฉ ืืืจื ืึท ืคึฟืึทืจืืึทื ืืืึธืก ืืื ืืึธืื ืึทืืืื ืืขืฉืึทืคึฟื, โืืืืคึฟืืึทื ืโ.
ืืื ืืจืื ืืื ืืขืืข ืืึธืื ืืืจ ืืื ืืึธืจื ืฉืคึผืขืืขืจ ืืขืจืฆืืืื, ืืื ืื ืฉืืืืื ื ืืื ืืขืจ ืืึดืืืฉึพืืืขืื ืืขืืึธืื ืืขืืืขื ืึทืืึท ืคึผืขืกืืืืกืืืฉืข, ืืื ืืขืจ ืฆืืืึทื ื ืฆื ืคึฟืจืืืขื ืึทืืึท ื ืืฉืึพืืึผืึฟืืืืงืขืจ, ืึทื ืงืืื ืขืจ ืคึฟืื ืื ืืึดืืืฉืข ืึธืจืืึทื ืืืึทืฆืืขืก โ ืึทืจืฒึทื ืืขืจืขืื ื ืืขื ืึทืจืืขืืขืจ ืจืื ื ืืื ืืขื ืืึดืืืฉื ืงืืืืืจ ืงืึธื ืืจืขืก โ ืืึธื ืื ืืืืืขื ื ืืฉื ืืขืืืึธืื ืึทืจืืืกืืขืื.
ืืจืื ืืื ืืืจืข ืืืืึทืจืืขืืขืจ ืืึธืื ืืื ืึธืืขืจ ื ืืฉื ืืื ืืขืจืืขืืขืื. ืึท ืืืืื ืืขืจืคึฟืื ืืื ืืึธืก ืคึผืจืขืืืืงืข ืืืืืงืึทืืืฉืข ืคึผืืจืืึพืฉืคึผืื, โืคึผืืจืื ืืื ืึท ืฉืคึผืื ืึทืืึทโ, ืึทืจืืืกืืขืืึธืื ืืื 1968. ืืืืฃ ืืขืจ ืืืืข ืฉืืืื ืึทื ืืขืจ ืืืืจ ืืื โืืึฟืจืืื ืืึธืืืขืกโ. ืืึธืก ืืื ืึธืืขืจ ืืขืืืขื ืึท ืคึผืกืขืืืืึธื ืื; ืืจืื ืืื ืืขืืืขื ืื ืืืชืข ืืืืจืืข. โืืืจ ืืึธืื ืคึฟืึทืจืฉืืึทื ืขื, ืึทื ืงืืื ืขืจ ืืืขื ืืึธืก ืืืื ื ืืฉื ืืืืคึฟื ืขืืขื ืขืจื ืกื, ืืืื ืืข ืืขืจืืืืกื ืืื, ืึทื ืืึธืก ืืึธืื ืคึฟืืจ ืคึฟืจืืืขื ืึทืจืืืกืืขืืขืื,โ ืืึธื ืืจืื ืืืจ ืืขืืึธืื. โืืึธื ืืื ืืขื ืืืขื ืืฒึทื ืืึทืืขืก ื ืึธืืขื, ืืึธืืืข, ืืื ืืขืืึทืื ืืขืจืคึฟืื: ืืึฟืจืืื ืืึธืืืขืก.โ
ืืจืื ืฉืืืืขืืืืืฉ ืืื ืืขืืืืจื ืืขืืืึธืจื ืืื ืืึธืืึธืืกืง, ืกืืืืจ ืืื 1936. ืืืจ ืืฉืคึผืื ืืื ืึธื ืืขืงืืืขื ืงืฒื ืึทืืขืจืืงืข ืืื 1950, ืืืึผ ืื ืืึธื ืืื ืืขืืขืจื ื ืืื ืืึดืืืฉื ืืขืจืขืจึพืกืขืืื ืึทืจ ืืื 1957; ืืื ืืืึทืืึพืืื ืืฐืขืจืกืืืขื ืืื 1981, ืืื ืคึฟืึทืจืขื ืืืงื ืืืจืข ืืจืึทืืืึดืจึพืฉืืืืืขืก ืืื ืงืึธืืึธืืืืขึพืืื ืืฐืขืจืกืืืขื ืืื 1983.
ืืื ืื 1970ืขืจ ืืึธืจื ืืึธื ืื ืืื ืืืจ ืืึทื ืืขื ืื ืืื ืงืื ืืขืจ ืึทืึฟืจืื ืืื ืื ืืืื ืคึฟืึทืจืืจืึทืื ืขืืืขืืข ืืึธืจ ืืื ืืฉืืจืื, ืืืึผ ืื ืืึธื ืืื ืืืื ืขื ืืืื ืงืึธืืืงืขืจ ืฉืืขืื ืืืฉืืืึทื ืึธื ืืขืคึฟืืจื ืืื ืืขืจ ืขืจืฉืืขืจ ืืึดืืืฉืขืจ ืืขืืขืฐืืืืขึพืคึผืจืึธืืจืึทื ืืื ืืขืจ ืืึดืืืฉืขืจ ืืืื ื.
ืืฒึท ืืจืืืขื ืืื ืืึธืก ืืขืจื ืขื ืืึดืื ืื ืืึดืืืฉืข ืฉืคึผืจืึทื, ืงืืืืืจ ืืื ืืขืฉืืืืข, ืืื ื ืึธื ืืขืจ โ ืึธืคึผืฉืืขืื ืื ืืขืืืึทืืืืงืข ืึทืกืืืืืึทืฆืืข โ ืืขืืืขื ืึท ืืืืคึผืืฆืื ืืื ืืขืื. ืืื 2015 ืืึธื ืื ืืื ืืืื ืขื ืืื ืืืจ ืขืืืขืจื ืืื โ ืืขื ืึธื ืืขืืขืขื ืขื ืืึดืืืฉื ืึทืงืืืึธืจ, ืจืขืืฉืืกืึธืจ ืืื ืคึผืจืึธืืืฆืขื ื ืึทืึฟื ืืึธืคึฟืืึทื โ ืคึฟืึทืจืืืืื ืื ืึธืจืืึทื ืืืึทืฆืืข โืืึดืืืฉืงืืื ืืื ืืฆืืึทืืืื, ืืื ืึทื ืืืคึฟื ืฆืืจืืงืืจืขื ืืขื ืืึดืื ืฆื ืืืืขืจืข ืืึดืืืฉืข ืืืึธืจืฆืืขื ืืืจื ืืขืงืฆืืขืก ืืื ืคึฟืึธืจืฉืืขืืื ืืขื ืืืึธืก ืฉืืืืขืจื ืื ืืึดืืืฉืข ืืืขืจืื ืืื ืงืืืืืจ.
ืืจืื ืืึธื ืคึฟืึทืจืึธืึฟืื ืืืจืข ืืื ืึทืึฟื ืืื ืื ืืืื, ืคึฟืืจ ืืืื ืืงืืขื ืืื ืึทื ืืืจึพืืืื ืืงื.
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